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Monitoring without disturbance

Non-invasive monitoring gathers the data conservation depends on — where animals are, how many, and their range — without changing the behaviour, ecology or physiology of a single one of them.

Why non-invasive?

The best ethics, and science

To protect endangered species we need reliable data on where they are, their numbers, and where they range. Only then can we make informed decisions about how best to protect them. Non-invasive monitoring means collecting that data without disturbing the normal behaviour, ecology or physiology of the animal — so the picture we build is both more ethical and more accurate.

An antelope photographed at a distance in the wild
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animals trapped, collared or sedated to collect a footprint
The hidden cost of disturbance

When the method changes the animal

Many common techniques rely on fitting instrumentation — radio-collars, tags, inserts — or on marking, capturing for biological samples, or close observation. Sometimes this is essential, as in translocation or veterinary care, but a large body of literature describes the negative impacts of regular disturbance, such as changes in fertility, ranging behavior and social hierarchy.

There is a subtler risk, too: if our methods alter an animal's behaviour, ecology or physiology, the very data we collect from it may be invalidated.

Ethics
no handling means no welfare cost to the study animal
Validity
undisturbed animals give data that isn't skewed by the method

“If our methods change the behaviour, ecology or physiology of animals in any way, the data we collect from them may be invalidated.”— Jewell, Z. C. (2013), Conservation Biology 27: 501–508

A growing toolbox

Many ways to collect data without capturing or fitting instrumentation

New methods are emerging that collect data without disturbing animals. Each has its place in a conservationist's toolbox — and WildTrack focuses on the one that's everywhere, footprints - direct signals from nature ...

Camera traps

Record whole-body images of animals as they walk along a trail.

Environmental DNA

Reveals which species are present from just a soil or water sample.

iDNA & acoustics

Samples carried by insects, and vocalisations captured by sound sensors.

Footprints

WildTrack's focus. FIT reads the trace every animal leaves behind — cheap, abundant, and completely non-invasive.